Methods of Forming the Structure of Service Facilities Located at Public Transport Interchange

In the article, the conditions of congestion of cities by individual transport are considered. As a solution to the problem, the organization of the structure of a network of service facilities, which are located at transport and transfer nodes, is proposed. This structure will make public transport more comfortable and will promote its more active use, which will lead to a decrease in the number of cars in cities. The conducted studies revealed that the structure is very complicated, and it is necessary to solve it with the help of a system-synergistic approach. A model of structure research based on a systemic approach is proposed. The model includes three levels of research: the urban development level, the level of object formation (the building of a transport interchange with the structure of service facilities), and the level of space. At each of the levels, questions are identified that require solutions. This article is devoted to the solution of urban planning issues. At the urban planning level, it is necessary to solve the problem of the formation of a regional structure of service facilities at transport interchanges, as well as models for the placement of transport interchanges with service facilities in urban systems. Based on the analyzed real models of cities and earlier studies regarding ideal models of cities, the structure of the network of service facilities within the boundaries of transport interchanges was compiled. Also, on the basis of Walter Kristaller's grids, the transformation of this model into perspective and depending on the size of the city is proposed. Also considered are the main functions of service facilities that can be located at transport interchanges at different levels of the hierarchy. Their list is divided into three main groups according to comfort levels. An economical level of comfort corresponds to a minimum list of service facilities, an average level of comfort corresponds to a standard list of service facilities, a high level of comfort corresponds to an extended list of service facilities. The conducted research has scientific and practical significance for the further formation of a network of objects. The identified list of objects can be useful when compiling tasks for the design of such objects, as well as for further research aimed at studying the functional and volumetric-spatial relationships between service objects and transport interchange nodes.