Analysis of the Principle and Simulations for Galaxy Formation

As a matter of fact, the limit to technological advancements seems endless. With the recent launch of the James Webb Space Telescope, cosmological observation has become clearer than ever, allowing us to look deeper into the past. To aid these investigations, simulations have been designed as a way to test the theories and predictions. Despite the fact that simulations have become remarkably precise and accuracy, certain limitations must not be overlooked. We explain the key principles of galaxy formation including dark matter, host halos, and subhalos in this paper. Additionally, the main ideas and models of galaxy evolution including star formation and feedback, along with a deeper analysis into cosmological models especially the IllustrisTNG project. It will help get a better grasp and understanding of potential limitations mainly consisting of large physical calculations. Solutions can be derived from such problems especially with the recent explosion of AI and machine learning related works. By understanding the physical processes, a multilayered perspective can probe and build on the existing methods of cosmological simulations, facilitating for even more detailed and precise data.