Natural resource-derived NiO nanoparticles via aloe vera for high-performance symmetric supercapacitor

Abstract This investigation reported a one-step green synthesis of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO NPs) using aloe vera leaves extract solution for their application in a supercapacitor. This method used aloe vera leaves as a reducing agent, which is very simple and cost-effective. The synthesized NPs were thoroughly characterized using various techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis unequivocally confirmed the crystalline nature; field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy images showed different shapes and forms of an agglomerated cluster of synthesized NPs. The absorption spectra were recorded from UV visible spectroscopy, while Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy provided insights into the functional groups present. Electrochemical assessments were carried out via cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charging-discharging and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. These experiments were performed using a 2 M KOH electrolyte within a 1.0 V potential window. Impressively, the single electrode displayed a remarkable specific capacitance of 462 F g −1 at a scan rate of 1 mV s −1 and 336 F g −1 at a current density of 0.76 A g −1 . Further, a symmetric two-electrode device (NiO||NiO) has been successfully fabricated by employing a separator between the electrodes. The device exhibited an exceptional specific capacitance of approximately 239 F g −1 , along with an energy density of 47.8 Wh kg −1 and a power density of 545 W kg −1 at 1 A g −1 current density within a 1.2 V potential window. The fabricated device also shows a retention capacity of 89% at 10 A g −1 after 2000 cycles with 114% of columbic efficiency. The present study underscores the effectiveness of the green synthesis approach in producing NiO NPs and establishes their potential as highly promising candidates for supercapacitor applications, showcasing both excellent electrochemical performance in a three-electrode system and remarkable stability in a practical two-electrode device. The results collectively highlight the efficacy of the green approach in producing NiO NPs, establishing its potential as a highly promising candidate for supercapacitor application.