A current-mode Bandgap Reference (BGR) circuit has been designed using 65 nm process technology. The design aimed to achieve a voltage reference (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</inf> ) of 700 mV and an output current (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">REF</inf> ) of 500 nA at 50 °C. Experimental results indicate that the reference voltage's most favorable temperature coefficient (TC) value is 9.8 ppm/°C across a broad temperature range, from -40 °C to 125 °C. Furthermore, the circuit has been curvature compensated, resulting in a substantial reduction of the TC with the lowest value equal to 2.3 ppm/°C. Notably, the circuit's average power consumption is 20.75 μW, at a supply voltage of 2.5 V. A thorough investigation into the noise contributions originating from the various components has been conducted, aimed at mitigating the overall noise of the circuit.
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Lemonou et al. (2024) studied this question.