Two efficient and convenient methods for the synthesis of 3-alkylideneoxindoles are described in this paper. The InCl3/TfOH-mediated tandem Knoevenagel condensation–deacylation sequence of various 2-oxindoles with 1,3-diones or acetoacetate furnished 3-alkylideneoxindoles in satisfactory to excellent yields (up to >99% yield). Employing the reaction system, the condensation of 2-oxindoles with ketones or aldehydes also proceeded smoothly to produce 3-alkylideneoxindoles. This protocol can be amenable to scale up. The effect of acids on this condensation reaction and intermolecular competition experiments were investigated to understand the aspect of the reaction.
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Chen et al. (2024) studied this question.
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