Vitamin D Combined with Exercise During Pregnancy Promotes Neonatal Health in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Mothers

This study aimed to examine the clinical impact of vitamin D supplementation combined with exercise during pregnancy among patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. Pregnant women (n = 120) were divided into a control group and an exercise group, with 60 patients in each group. Participants in both groups received 400 IU of oral vitamin D drops daily between 32 and 36 weeks of gestation. Before delivery, the pregnant women in the control group did not receive exercise intervention, while those in the exercise group received physical exercise intervention. Fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance levels, and proinflammatory factor levels among pregnant women in the exercise group were lower than those among pregnant women in the control group. At birth, the neonatal weight and head circumference in exercise group were lower than control group. No statistical significance was observed in neonatal age (weeks) between both groups. Vitamin D intervention combined with physical exercise during pregnancy can elevate vitamin D levels in women with gestational diabetes mellitus and reduce newborn weight, effectively reversing the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus on newborns.