Rare Adverse Events of CAR T-Cell Therapy

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment option for various types of cancers. Although it has shown remarkable effectiveness, this therapy is also associated with significant toxicity, which can limit its use. The most common adverse events associated with CAR T-cell infusion include cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS). This review focuses on the less common toxicities of CAR T-cell products, including those related to cellular infiltration and inflammation in critical locations, toxicities affecting neuronal structures or functions and other rare side effects observed in clinical practice. PEER REVIEWED ARTICLE Peer reviewers: Prof. Dominik Schneidawind, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland Dr Federico Simonetta, Geneva University Hospitals and University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland Received: February 13, 2024; Accepted after peer review: March 19, 2024