Morphological scientists at the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences in the 18th – early 20th centuries. To the 300th anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences

In the article authors analyze the participation of domestic and foreign morphological scientists in the activities of the Imperial St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences. From the founding of the Academy (1724) until 1917, a number of outstanding morphologists were elected to its full members, including K.F. Wolf, A.E. Protasov, Kh.G. Pander, K.E. von Baer, A.O. Kovalevsky, F.V. Ovsyannikov, A.S. Dogel, D.N. Anuchin. The scientific works of these scientists constituted the glory of Russian science. The academy’s connections with foreign scientists also developed, many of whom were elected corresponding members and foreign honorary members of the academy, including a number of morphologists, comparative anatomists and histologists. Thus, the following were elected as foreign honorary members: in 1737 — R.A. Reaumur, in 1776 — A. von Haller, in 1802 — J. Cuvier; in 1826 — J.W. von Goethe; in 1905 — C. Golgi. Correspondents were elected as foreign members: in 1826 — R. Brown, in 1827 he became a full member of the academy; in 1826 — K.E. von Baer, who after moving to Russia became its ordinary academician (1827), and then, after his resignation, its honorary member (1862); in 1832 — I.P. Muller; in 1836 — Ya.E. Purkinje; in 1850 — M.Ya. Schleiden; in 1857 — R.A. Kolliker; in 1881 — R. Virchow; in 1897 — F. von Leydig. Communication between foreign scientists and the Academy was carried out in several directions, the main of which was sending their works to the Academy and publishing their works in Academy publications. Another direction was the training of Russian students, as well as internships for Russian researchers preparing for a professorship.