Differentiated Congestion Management in Distribution Network Considering Price- and Incentive-Based Hybrid Demand Response

With the development of smart distribution networks, the penetration rate of distributed energy resources (DERs) in distribution networks is constantly increasing. However, network congestion such as line overloading and node voltage off-limit may occur when DERs operate in an uncoordinated way. To deal with the network congestion problem, this paper proposes a differentiated congestion management strategy, mainly guiding electric vehicles (EVs) and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) to participate in distribution network dispatching through different market-based methods. It should be noted that the proposed congestion management strategy combines the effect of incentive-based demand response (DR) and price-based DR. First, based on the characteristics of load electricity consumption, EVsand HVAC are considered as the main adjustable resources, and operation models for the two types of loads are established. Then, a distribution network congestion management model is established with the constraints for line transmission power and node voltage and the goal of minimizing users' expenses. Finally, the simulation analysis is conducted in the IEEE 33 bus system, using improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) to solve the congestion management problem. The results show that the proposed congestion management strategy can improve the efficiency of congestion management, ensuring that the line rate and node voltage are within the allowable safe range.