A microaerophilic, Gram-negative, motile, and spiral-shaped bacterium, designated Y-M2 T , was isolated from oil sludge of Shengli oil field. The optimal growth condition of strain Y-M2 T was at 25 °C, pH 7.0, and in the absence of NaCl. The major polar lipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The main cellular fatty acid was iso-C 17 : 0 3-OH. It contained Q-9 and Q-10 as the predominant quinones. The DNA G+C content was 68.1 mol%. Strain Y-M2 T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Telmatospirillum siberiense 26-4b T (91.1 %). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene and genomes showed that strain Y-M2 T formed a distinct cluster in the order Rhodospirillales . Genomic analysis showed that Y-M2 T possesses a complete nitrogen-fixation cluster which is phylogenetically close to that of methanogene. The nif cluster, encompassing the nitrogenase genes, was found in every N 2 -fixing strain within the order Rhodospirillales . Phylogeny, phenotype, chemotaxonomy, and genomic results demonstrated that strain Y-M2 T represents a novel species of a novel genus in a novel family Oleispirillaceae fam. nov. in the order Rhodospirillales , for which the name Oleispirillum naphthae gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. The type strain is Y-M2 T (=CCAM 827 T =JCM 34765 T ).
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