Quantum Machine Learning With a Limited Number Of Qubits

Quantum circuit partitioning is a hybrid quantum-classical approach that aims to simulate large quantum systems on smaller quantum computers. The quantum computation is divided into smaller circuits and results of measurements on these circuits are combined using classical processing. Current approaches involve performing the Hadamard test or SWAP test and thus require an ancillary qubit with full qubit-connectivity. In this study, we show that for certain quantum states and observables, the approach can be realized by performing simple measurements of expectation values. However, this comes with a limitation on the applicable space of quantum states and observables. The approach was demonstrated in the realm of quantum machine learning, specifically to the digits dataset. When applied to the classification between the digits 3 and 6, we were able to generalize to out-of-sample data with an accuracy of $100 %$.