Early vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy complicated by vitreous hemorrhage from a molecular point of view

Purpose. To identify changes in the concentration of molecular biomarkers in the vitreal cavity after early 25 Ga vitrectomy in patients with PDR complicated by vitreous hemorrhage in the early postoperative period. Material and methods. 15 patients (15 eyes, 10 women, 5 men) suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated by PDR. Average age 60.1 ± 9.5 years, diabetes experience 18.4 ± 5.4 years, glycated hemoglobin content 6.2 ± 2.8 %. Visual acuity before surgery was 24 ± 6 letters on the ETDRS scale. The indication for vitrectomy in all cases was partial or total vitreous hemorrhage lasting 1 month. During surgery and 1 month after surgery, the contents of the vitreal cavity were collected and the content of 48 molecular biomarkers (FGF basic, Eotaxin, G-CSF, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-1ra, IL-1α, IL-2Rα, IL-3, IL-12 (p40), IL-16, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-7, IL-8, IL-9, GRO-α, HGF, IFN-α2, LIF, MCP-3, IL-10, IL-12 (p70), IL-13, IL-15, IL-17A, IP-10, MCP-1, MIG, β-NGF, SCF, SCGF-β, SDF-1α, MIP-1α, MIP-1β, PDGF-BB, RANTES, TNF-α, VEGF, CTACK, MIF, TRAIL, IL-18, M-CSF, TNF-β) was determined using the multiplex method using the standard 48-plex test system Bio-Plex Pro™ Human Cytokine Screening, 48-Plex (Bio-Rad) on an immunoanalyzer Bio-Plex 200 System (Bio-Rad). Results. A statistically significant decrease in some of the studied biomarkers was revealed: CTACK, HGF, IL-1α, IL-2, IL-18, M-CSF, SCF, SCGF-β, SDF-1α. Conclusions. Early vitrectomy has a positive effect on the profile of molecular biomarkers in patients with PDR complicated by vitreous hemorrhage, especially on the inflammatory component, which may have a beneficial effect on the further course of DR. However, the role of some factors in the pathogenesis of DR is not completely clear, which requires further research in this area.