Classification of dipolar symmetry-protected topological phases: Matrix product states, stabilizer Hamiltonians, and finite tensor gauge theories

We classify one-dimensional symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases protected by dipole symmetries. A dipole symmetry comprises two sets of symmetry generators: charge and dipole operators, which together form a nontrivial algebra with translations. Using matrix product states (MPS), we show that for a G dipole symmetry with G a finite Abelian group, the one-dimensional dipolar SPTs are classified by the group H²[G×G,U(1)]/H²[G,U(1)]². Because of the symmetry algebra, the MPS tensors exhibit an unusual property, prohibiting the fractionalization of charge operators at the edges. For each phase in the classification, we explicitly construct a stabilizer Hamiltonian to realize the SPT phase and derive the response field theories by coupling the dipole symmetry to background tensor gauge fields. These field theories generalize the Dijkgraaf-Witten theories to twisted finite tensor gauge theories.