The dark European honey bee Apis mellifera mellifera in Lithuania: data on mitotype diversity of native bee population

In Europe, the population of the dark European honey bee Apis mellifera mellifera L. has been significantly affected by the introduction and propagation of non-indigenous subspecies of honey bees. For a long time, the status of the native Lithuanian A. m. mellifera bees was unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the current distribution of the subspecies population in Lithuania and the diversity of its mitotypes. A total of 598 honey bee colonies from traditionally managed apiaries were studied to determine their maternal ancestry using the COI–COII intergenic spacer sequences of mtDNA. The results revealed that 52% of the maternal lines investigated belonged to A. m. mellifera. They represented 20 unique COI–COII intergenic spacer mitotypes, 11 of which were detected for the first time. We hypothesised that a small proportion of ancestral A lineage mitotypes among the dominant M lineage mitotypes could be the relict of the maternal line.