The substantiation of the choice of an extractant for obtaining extractions of the overground part of Lespedeza bicolor

Aim. To substantiate the choice of an extractant when obtaining extractions of the overground part of Lespedeza bicolor. Materials and methods. The study object was the crushed overground part of Lespedeza bicolor. Extraction was carried out with purified water, 40 % and 70 % water-alcohol solution by the method of fine maceration and using a device for ultrasound extraction. Analytical studies were performed by the appropriate identification reactions, by the method of thin-layer chromatography on Silica gel 60 chromatographic plates of the Merk company; spectrophotometric tests were carried out on an Evolution 60s spectrophotometer using reagents meeting the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia of Ukraine. Results and discussion. Chemical reactions identified the presence of flavonoid substances, phenols, tannins, and hydrocarbons in aqueous and alcoholic extracts of Lespedeza bicolor. Tannins identified by thin-layer chromatography were structurally similar to pyrogallol, polysaccharides were structurally similar to fructose, most flavonoids were similar to rutin, and most hydroxycinnamic acids were similar to chlorogenic acid. By the spectrophotometric method it was found that extraction with 40 % and 70 % water-alcohol solution contributed to a more complete extraction of flavonoids similar in structure to rutin, and 40 % ethanol gave substances of the polyphenolic structure calculated with reference to gallic acid. Conclusions. Based on the research results, tannins, flavonoid substances, phenols and hydrocarbons have been identified in aqueous and alcoholic extractions of Lespedeza bicolor. A more complete extraction of polyphenols with 40 % ethanol, and flavonoids with 40 and 70 % ethanol has been experimentally confirmed. It has been experimentally found that in a ratio of 1:7.5, extractions contain more BAS, but their more complete extraction occurs in a ratio of 1:10. The studies have shown the prospects of using an ultrasonic device for the medicinal raw plant material extraction as it makes it possible to intensify the extraction of BAS compared to the maceration method.