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In this review article, we focus on the diversity of the origin of oral squamous cell carcinoma(OSCC), and discuss cancer stem cells(CSCs) as a key player to explain the malignancy of OSCC. CSCs are a subset of cancer cells that have characteristics of stem cells. When gene abnormalities accumulate in somatic stem cells, those cells transform into CSCs. CSCs as the origin of cancer autonomously grow and develop into cancer. We hypothesize that OSCC may be divided into the following three categories with different malignancy based on the origin of CSCs: cancer from oral epithelial stem cell-derived CSCs, cancer from stem cells in salivary gland-derived CSCs, and cancer from bone marrow-derived stem cell-derived CSCs.
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Fukumoto et al. (2024) studied this question.
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