Household Water Insecurity and Depression Symptoms among Individuals Exposed to Hurricanes Maria and Fiona

Water insecurity is a condition that arises when individuals lack access to a sufficient, dependable, and safe supply of water to meet their fundamental needs for sanitation, hygiene, and drinking. In 2017, Hurricane Maria devastated Puerto Rico's water infrastructure, resulting in increased water insecurity, potentially contributing to mental health problems such as depression. This study examines the correlation between household water insecurity measured using the Household Water Insecurity Experiences (HWISE) scale and the depression levels measured using the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression (CES-D) scale of individuals residing in Puerto Rico. To achieve this goal, we conducted 154 surveys with respondents in Puerto Rico from May to July 2022. Preliminary findings from multiple linear regression analyses indicate a potential association between depressive symptoms among residents and water insecurity. The findings of this study highlight the importance of increasing access to clean piped water within residential homes. To achieve this, future research could explore potential options such as revising water distribution system requirements and enforcing federal water quality standards in Puerto Rico. By implementing these measures, policymakers and relevant authorities can work towards mitigating water insecurity and ensuring a safer and more reliable water supply for the population.