Elastic Damage Healing Model Coupling Secondary Damage Variable for Self Healing Materials

A one-dimensional constitutive model, based on the principles of continuum damage mechanics, is developed for capturing healing in certain materials during unloading and rest periods. A secondary damage variable is defined to address the drawback of existing models for damage and healing in capturing the complete material failure. An energy-based damage evolution function is adopted for primary and secondary damage variables, and phenomenological healing evolution is defined. The proposed implicit elastic damage-healing model is implemented by the return-mapping technique, and the model response is demonstrated for different loading histories.