Review on Digital Twin Applications in Construction by Maturity Level

Digital Twin (DT) refers to a digital technology that virtually represents a physical asset and reflects its behavior in real time. As the fully implemented DT is largely unachievable, a maturity spectrum has been proposed representing different milestones for DT implementation. DT Enabling technologies vary depending on the maturity level of DT. This paper intends to review DT cases in construction to help DT adopters understand DT-enabling technologies based on the maturity level of their demanded DT. The outcome of this study provides DT adopters with practical insights into how to decide the DT maturity level that meets their demand and what are the enabling technologies that support their DT development. With maturity level, AEC practitioners gain forward-looking insights on how to expand existing DTs or how to strategically apply their technological skillset to explore the potential of creating DTs, rather than solely focusing on their current job scope and needs.