Exploring the Relationship Between Smoking and Poor Sleep Quality: A Cross-Sectional Study Using NHANES

Introduction Although some previous research has reported the relationship between smoking and sleep disorders, there is a lack of studies with large sample sizes and determining the potential dose-response relationship. Methods This study used data from 30,269 participants from the NHANES database (2007-2020). Logistic regression models were used to assess the associations between smoking and sleep outcomes, including insufficient sleep duration, sleep problems, snoring, and snorting or stop breathing during sleep. Dose-response relationships were explored using restricted cubic splines. Results Light-to-moderate and heavy smokers had significantly higher odds of experiencing sleep disorders compared to non-smokers. The odds ratios for Light-to-moderate and heavy smokers are 1.341 and 2.101 for insufficient sleep duration, 1.493 and 2.142 for sleep problems, 1.444 and 2.003 for snoring, and 1.439 and 1.720 for snorting or stop breathing during sleep, respectively. Dose-response analyses revealed that the odds of these sleep outcomes increased with higher smoking frequency. Conclusion Smoking can lead to increased odds of sleep disorders, and the more an individual smokes, the higher the odds of experiencing sleep disorders.