Mode-Based Superdirective Optimization Strategy for Multilayered Dielectric Cylinders

This article proposes a novel optimization approach for the design of multilayered dielectric cylindrical superdirective structures. The idea of utilizing the Dirac-delta function in the optimization process is introduced for the first time. The genetic algorithm (GA) is employed to optimize the design of the multilayered dielectric cylinder, aiming to achieve high directivity and minimize sidelobes. In addition, this article examines the physical characteristics of the scattered field and introduces a fitness function based on the Dirac-delta function. The directivity of a ten-layered dielectric cylinder is designed to increase from 8.388 (previous best result) to 9.627 (current result), representing a 14.7% improvement. The findings provide new insights and methods for the design and optimization of superdirective antennas.