Factors Affecting Expectations of Computerized Cognitive Training Programs: A Pilot Study

Computerized cognitive training (CCT) programs are apps, games, etc. for the purpose of improving cognitive abilities. In the past decade, a body of research has emerged investigating users' expectations of CCT, and whether or not those expectations contribute to a placebo effect in cognitive training. While previous research has found evidence for positive expectations of CCT, there is still no consensus as to what these positive expectations are based on. In this pilot study, a questionnaire was developed to measure expectations of CCT, as well as three other constructs that may be related to CCT expectations: belief in science, growth mindset, and intellectual curiosity. Based on data collected from 59 participants using paid and unpaid online platforms, the questionnaire was found to be reliable. There were differences in expectations of CCT depending on the platform through which participants were recruited, country of residence, and level of education. Growth mindset was lower in participants residing in European countries, there was a positive correlation between growth mindset and expectations of CCT for participants with a college degree, and a positive correlation between intellectual curiosity and knowledge of CCT for participants not residing in Europe or North America. Results are discussed in terms of how they can inform a larger follow-up study in this area.