A multi-directional periodic leaky-wave antenna (LWA) is presented for the X-band frequencies with suppressed stopband and independent beam-scanning laws for left, right, and top sides of the antenna, respectively, using a tri-directional LWA as an example. The tri-directional antenna is designed to radiate out-of-plane beams along three directions on the top face and each antenna edge. The antenna is a combination of a top- radiating slot-pair array and side-fire Vivaldi arrays to achieve flexible placements of the beams at a given design frequency along three unique directions. The antenna can be engineered to emit high gain beams along specified angles, and can be adapted to provide precision control of the independent output beams in various frequency bands.
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Baccin-Smith et al. (2024) studied this question.
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