Jasmonic acid signaling pathway repressor JAZ3 integrates light and temperature signaling in Arabidopsis

Light and temperature are fundamental environmental factors that profoundly influence plant growth and development.As sessile organisms, plants rely on their ability to perceive and integrate daily and seasonal variations in light and temperature to adjust their growth and development, enabling them to survive amidst fluctuating weather conditions.Exposure to light orchestrates two distinct developmental programs: skotomorphogenesis in darkness and photomorphogenesis in the presence of light.Dark-grown seedlings exhibit etiolated phenotypes, characterized by elongated hypocotyls and closed, yellowish cotyledons.In contrast, exposure to light, particularly at optimal temperatures (i.e., 22°C for Arabidopsis), initiates photomorphogenesis, resulting in shorter hypocotyls and open, green cotyledons (Osterlund et al., 2000).Plant morphological and architectural adaptations in response to warm temperatures are known as thermomorphogenesis.These changes include significantly elongated roots, hypocotyls, petioles, and early flowering phenotypes (Casal and Balasubramanian, 2019).Notably, light and temperature antagonistically regulate hypocotyl growth.While light inhibits hypocotyl elongation, warm temperatures promote elongation (Bian et al., 2022).Photoreceptors, including phytochromes, cryptochromes, phototropins, and UVR8, play pivotal roles in perceiving various light signals and transmitting them to downstream signaling components to precisely regulate plant growth and development (Paik and Huq, 2019).Phytochrome B (phyB) is a critical player capable of integrating light and temperature signals (Chen et al., 2022).Upon activation by red light, phyB converts to the active Pfr form, which facilitates the degradation of PHYTOCHROME INTERACTING FACTORs (PIFs).This process promotes photomorphogenesis, particularly at optimal growth temperatures by the