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The static and dynamic characteristics of the spindle system of machine tools have a significant impact on their machining accuracy. Taking a self-designed vertical spindle of a CNC machine tool as the research object, this paper explores the treatment method of spindle support bearings. For simulating the change of support stiffness due to bearing preload varying, the spring element with various stiffness is introduced and a finite element model is established for the spindle system. The influence of bearing preloads on the static and dynamic characteristics of the spindle system is analyzed. The research shows that, compared to the simplified method of replacing rolling elements with a circular ring structure, it is more reasonable to use elastic elements instead of bearing support. The increase of bearing preloading force can obviously improve the static stiffness of the spindle system when the preloading force is small. The first critical speed of the self-made spindle is far higher than the maximum designed speed.
Zhang et al. (Sat,) studied this question.