Morphological and Histopathological Changes of Placenta in Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

Introduction: In pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH), pathological changes in the placenta occurs which may result in reduced blood flow across placenta. The present study was done to assess the morphology & histopathological changes of placenta from preeclamptic mothers and to correlate their findings with those of normal pregnancies. Materials and Methods: The present study was a case-control study conducted during 2023-24 in ESIC Medical College and Hospital, Faridabad, Haryana in Insured persons under ESIC scheme. Placentae of normal pregnancies & those complicated by pre-eclampsia/ eclampsia with period of gestation 36-40 weeks were included. 30 placentae from mother having PIH and 30 placentae from normal pregnancies were examined for gross morphology and histopathological changes. The mean weight of placentae was (410 ± 60 grams) lower among placentae Results: of hypertensive pregnancies in comparison to placentae of normal pregnancies (478 ± 38 grams). This difference was statistically significant. (p 0.001). There was significant association between presence of gross infarction, calcification, Hyalinized area, fibrinoid necrosis, Syncytial Knot formation, medial coat proliferation, intervillous hemorrhage, decreased villous vascularity in PIH and control cases. In present study, mean placental weight in Conclusion: hypertensive pregnancies was lower than mean placental weight in normal pregnancies. It also revealed lesions like increased syncytial knots, cytotrophoblast cell proliferation, villous stromal fibrosis and fibrinoid necrosis in placenta from preeclampsia cases.