Dynamics of the number and physiological and biochemical activity of microorganisms in the root zone of corn using different doses of mineral and organic fertilizers

To study the dynamics of the number and physiological-biochemical activity of microorganisms of 11 ecological-trophic, physiological and systematic groups in the root zone of corn using different fertilization systems: mineral, organic, organo-mineral and OMBF fertilization (organo-mineral bioactive fertilizer produced on based on sapropel, peat, mineral fertilizers (N30Р30K30), sorbents using biota - a complex of agronomically valuable microorganisms). Methods. Microbiological, laboratory-analytical, statistical. Results. It was established that the dynamics of the number of microorganisms of all studied groups is of a general nature: the number of microorganisms increases intensively from the phase of the third leaf to the phase of flowering of the panicle, and much more slowly - to the phase of milk ripeness of corn grain. In this phase, there is also a phenomenon of a decrease in the difference between the variants of the experiment. The application of organo-mineral, organic, OMBF and organo-mineral fertilization system against the background of wheat straw plowing and application of fertilizers in the dose of N40Р30K40 has the greatest impact on the number of microorganisms. Conclusions.The number of ammonifiers during the growing season is maximally increased in the version without fertilizers, possibly due to the slower development of plants in this version of the experiment, and under the organo-mineral fertilization system with wheat straw plowing and fertilizer application. Plowing straw as an additional source of carbon leads to an increase in the number of polysaccharide-synthesizing microorganisms in the phase of the third leaf under the conditions of the application of mineral fertilizers (2.2 times), while their physiological and biochemical activity increases both with the application of mineral fertilizers and without it - by 3.4 times. In the flowering phase, the growth of the number of microorganisms as a result of straw plowing is: ammonifiers - 19.2%, denitrifiers - 148.0%, nitrifiers - 86.5%, pedotrophs - 58.3%, cellulose-destroying - 70.6%, acid-forming - 129.5%, total population - 14.1%.