The Study of the Association Symphyto Cordati-Fagetum Vida (1959) 1963 From the Northern Part of the Semenic Mountains – Romania

This article presents the results of research on pure European beech forests with Symphytum cordatum found in the northern part of the Semenic Mountains (southwestern Romania). The pure European beech forests, included in the association Symphyto cordati-Fagetum, Vida (1959) 1963, exhibit a characteristic forest formation area for the middle mountain layer, identified on districambosol and eutricambosol soil types, deep, moderately acidic, eutrophic, moist, with high trophic levels, rich in mull-type humus, while the river valley terrain has alluvial soils and humiferous deposits. The purpose of the research consists of conducting a floristic, phytocenological, ecological, eco-protective, and bioeconomic study of the Banat beech forests, composed of Fagus sylvatica and Symphytum cordatum, identified in the northern part of the Semenic Mountains-Romania. The phytocenoses of these forests have been analyzed in terms of physiognomy, floristic composition, bioform spectrum, floristic elements, influence of ecological indicators, soil moisture, temperature, chemical soil reaction, and karyological spectrum. The conclusions provide a synthesis of the research results regarding the ecological, eco protective, and bioeconomic aspects associated with the beech forests of the Semenic Mountains, which are mainly composed of the plant species Fagus sylvatica and Symphytum cordatum.