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Using Raman spectroscopy to study the correlated <a:math xmlns:a="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><a:mrow><a:mn>4</a:mn><a:mi>d</a:mi></a:mrow></a:math>-electron metal <c:math xmlns:c="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><c:mrow><c:msub><c:mrow><c:mi>Sr</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mn>2</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:msub><c:mrow><c:mi>RhO</c:mi></c:mrow><c:mrow><c:mn>4</c:mn></c:mrow></c:msub></c:mrow></c:math>, we observe pronounced excitations at 220 meV and 240 meV with <e:math xmlns:e="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><e:msub><e:mi>A</e:mi><e:mrow><e:mn>1</e:mn><e:mi mathvariant="normal">g</e:mi></e:mrow></e:msub></e:math> and <h:math xmlns:h="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><h:msub><h:mi>B</h:mi><h:mrow><h:mn>1</h:mn><h:mi mathvariant="normal">g</h:mi></h:mrow></h:msub></h:math> symmetries, respectively. We identify them as transitions between the spin-orbit multiplets of the Rh ions, in close analogy to the spin-orbit excitons in the Mott insulators <k:math xmlns:k="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><k:mrow><k:msub><k:mrow><k:mi>Sr</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mn>2</k:mn></k:mrow></k:msub></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:msub><k:mrow><k:mi>IrO</k:mi></k:mrow><k:mrow><k:mn>4</k:mn></k:mrow></k:msub></k:mrow></k:math> and <m:math xmlns:m="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><m:mrow><m:mi>α</m:mi><m:mtext>−</m:mtext><m:msub><m:mrow><m:mtext>RuCl</m:mtext></m:mrow><m:mrow><m:mn>3</m:mn></m:mrow></m:msub></m:mrow></m:math>. This observation provides direct evidence for the unquenched spin-orbit coupling in <o:math xmlns:o="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><o:mrow><o:msub><o:mrow><o:mi>Sr</o:mi></o:mrow><o:mrow><o:mn>2</o:mn></o:mrow></o:msub></o:mrow><o:mrow><o:msub><o:mrow><o:mi>RhO</o:mi></o:mrow><o:mrow><o:mn>4</o:mn></o:mrow></o:msub></o:mrow></o:math>. A quantitative analysis of the data reveals that the tetragonal crystal field <q:math xmlns:q="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><q:mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</q:mi></q:math> in <t:math xmlns:t="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><t:mrow><t:msub><t:mrow><t:mi>Sr</t:mi></t:mrow><t:mrow><t:mn>2</t:mn></t:mrow></t:msub></t:mrow><t:mrow><t:msub><t:mrow><t:mi>RhO</t:mi></t:mrow><t:mrow><t:mn>4</t:mn></t:mrow></t:msub></t:mrow></t:math> has a sign opposite to that in insulating <v:math xmlns:v="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><v:mrow><v:msub><v:mrow><v:mi>Sr</v:mi></v:mrow><v:mrow><v:mn>2</v:mn></v:mrow></v:msub></v:mrow><v:mrow><v:msub><v:mrow><v:mi>IrO</v:mi></v:mrow><v:mrow><v:mn>4</v:mn></v:mrow></v:msub></v:mrow></v:math>, which enhances the planar <x:math xmlns:x="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><x:mi>x</x:mi><x:mi>y</x:mi></x:math> orbital character of the effective <z:math xmlns:z="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><z:mrow><z:mi>J</z:mi><z:mo>=</z:mo><z:mn>1</z:mn><z:mo>/</z:mo><z:mn>2</z:mn></z:mrow></z:math> wave function. This supports a metallic ground state, and suggests that <bb:math xmlns:bb="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><bb:mi>c</bb:mi></bb:math>-axis compression of <db:math xmlns:db="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><db:mrow><db:msub><db:mrow><db:mi>Sr</db:mi></db:mrow><db:mrow><db:mn>2</db:mn></db:mrow></db:msub></db:mrow><db:mrow><db:msub><db:mrow><db:mi>RhO</db:mi></db:mrow><db:mrow><db:mn>4</db:mn></db:mrow></db:msub></db:mrow></db:math> may transform it into a quasi-two-dimensional antiferromagnetic insulator.
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Wang et al. (2024) studied this question.
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