Military Education and Military-Physical Training of Schoolchildren in the Chkalovsk (Orenburg) Region During the Great Patriotic War

The relevance of studying the problem of military education and military physical training of schoolchildren of the Chkalovsky (Orenburg) region during the Great Patriotic War has scientific, practical and cognitive significance, since the study of this topic reveals the regional aspect of the problem. The purpose of the study is to study military education and military physical training of school students of the Chkalov (Orenburg) region during the war as a scientific problem. The objectives are a systematic analysis of military training and military-physical training of schoolchildren in the region during the war period, revealing the difficulties and complexities of solving this problem. The methodology of the work is based on following the principles of historicism, consistency and objectivity. Both general scientific methods of cognition (analysis, synthesis) and special historical methods were used: problemchronological, comparative historical. Results. During the Great Patriotic War, the issue of organizing military-physical training of high school students on a large state scale became particularly acute. It was thanks to the purposeful and coordinated work of all authorities to solve this problem in the schools of the country, including the Chkalov region, that relatively prepared reinforcements arrived in the troops. Conclusion. With the outbreak of the war, there was a practical need for students to undergo military training while still at school, since many after graduation entered the active army. Although this work was launched in the prewar years, but in the conditions of the Great Patriotic War it took on a full-scale character. The country's leadership was able to build in extreme conditions a fairly effective system of training young people for military trials, as close as possible to combat. However, the solution to this problem has caused a number of difficulties in the Chkalov region: incomplete staffing of schools with military instructors and teachers of military affairs; low general education and pedagogical training of some of them; staff turnover; insufficient material provision of schools with sports, gymnastics and military equipment. However, these problems were gradually resolved over the course of the war.