Towards a cost-effective and future-proof approach to monitoring geological carbon storage

The monitoring of the carbon storage reservoir and the detection of non-conformance in CO2 distribution are important to confirm that the injected CO2 remains in place as planned. Although techniques are available for effectively monitoring, there are two major non-technical challenges, namely the accumulated long-term cost and the limited feasibility of conducting monitor surveys due to changing land access and surface conditions over centuries. To ensure long-term and reliable monitoring, cost-effective and future-proof approaches are needed. This presentation discusses such possible approaches that utilize multiphysics and natural-field data from gravimetric and magnetotelluric measurements. It examines their role in the broader context of site evaluation as well as CO2 injection and long-term monitoring.