Our optical positioning and linking (OPAL) platform enables the assembly of complex 3D microstructures using optical tweezers and a biochemical linking mechanism. Advantages to OPAL include incorporating building blocks of different sizes and materials and augmentation of existing devices. Updates to system components and processes have improved the speed and accuracy of assembly. The collection of the backscattered signal using a quadrant photodiode permits classification of the number of trapped particles, which is used for automated assembly. The fully automated assembly will increase the efficiency of fabrication and is beneficial for rapid prototyping and producing larger, more complex structures.
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Shultz et al. (2024) studied this question.
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