X gene mutations of Hepatitis B virus and impact on chronic hepatitis B infection in CHB three-generations in the family

Abstract This study focused on detecting mutational patterns in the X-gene of the HBV genome in three-generations of CHB patients. Ninety CHB patients were analyzed, revealing the highest similarity in X-gene sequences between mothers and children in two-generations (79.3%). The N-terminal of the X-gene showed frequent mutations, with notable occurrences at positions C1491G (25%), C1500T (43.4%), G1613T (23.9%), and G1658T (33.4%). Mutations were more prevalent in HBeAg-negative patients, indicating a significant difference (P-value = 0.03). A1762T/G1764A mutations were present in 15.6% of patients, demonstrating significant relevance. These mutational patterns may aid in predicting clinical outcomes and identifying susceptibility to hepatocellular HCC in patients.