Multiplexed immunoassays enabled by digitized metasurfaces and acoustic bioprinting

Nanophotonic biosensors offer potential for early disease detection and continuous treatment monitoring through their high sensitivity, rapid response time, and label-free detection capability. Our study utilizes densely-packed, high-quality factor metasurfaces alongside acoustic bioprinting surface chemistry to enable scalable miniaturized multiplexed immunoassays. Leveraging a 2D array of compact, all-dielectric metasurfaces supporting quasi-bound state in the continuum (qBIC) resonances, we achieve enhanced light-matter interaction at high spatial resolution. Through acoustic bioprinting, we functionalize individual pixelated metasurface, enabling the detection of thousands of unique antibodies simultaneously. Our label-free sensing platform, combined with hyperspectral imaging, enables spatially resolved, multi-target detection without bulky spectrometers, paving the way for portable diagnostics.