A Scale-aware Parameterization of Restratification Effect of Turbulent Thermal Wind Balance

The vertical buoyancy flux B f under the turbulent thermal wind (TTW) balance plays an important role in restratifying the surface mixed layer in winter. So far, most of the global ocean models are too coarse to resolve this process. In this paper, a scale-aware parameterization is proposed for and implemented in a hierarchy of regional ocean simulations over the winter Kuroshio Extension with horizontal resolutions ranging from 27 to 1 km. The parameterization depends on the Coriolis parameter, model-simulated turbulent vertical viscosity, horizontal density gradient, and a scaling relationship to adjust for the effects of model horizontal resolution on the simulated horizontal density gradient. It shows good skills in reconciling the difference between in the coarse-resolution simulations (27, 9, and 3 km) and in the 1-km simulation where is well resolved. Furthermore, implementation of the parameterization improves the simulated stratification in the surface mixed layer in coarse-resolution simulations.