Microbial Dysbiosis and Hypertensive Disease: Exploring the Connections Between the Microbiome and Cardiovascular Health

Microbial dysbiosis, characterized by imbalances in the composition and function of the human microbiota, has emerged as a critical factor influencing various systemic diseases, particularly those related to cardiovascular health.The human microbiota, a diverse ecosystem of microorganisms residing throughout the body, actively contributes to crucial physiological processes, including nutrient metabolism, immune system modulation, and protection against pathogens.Dysbiosis, often implicated in conditions such as obesity, metabolic disorders, and autoimmune diseases, disrupts this delicate equilibrium.OBJETIVE: To analyze and describe the main aspects microbial dysbiosis in hypertensive disease of the last 10 years.METHODS: This review has included studies available in MEDLINE-PubMed (National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health) databases.The descriptor used was "dysbiosis" AND "blood pressure".The use of the above descriptor helped to identify studies related to the use of dysbiosis and its effects.RESULTS: At the end of the selection process, 5 articles involving 479 subjects were included.The age range of subjects was 56 years.DISCUSSION: Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes, major microbial phyla, play essential roles in metabolic homeostasis, with their balance serving as a potential biomarker for metabolic health.Specific microbial genera, such as Akkermansia and Faecalibacterium, have been associated with health benefits, emphasizing the potential for targeted interventions.Recent research has unveiled a significant connection between the intestinal microbiota and blood pressure regulation, with microbial-derived shortchain fatty acids and modulation of the reninangiotensin-aldosterone system influencing hypertension.