Exploring Risk Factors Involved in The Progression of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Prospective Study in A Quaternary Care Hospital - Chennai.

Purpose: The study investigates the rising prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated challenges, including co-morbidities and uncertain prognosis. Patients often face disease progression without clear identification of those at high risk for rapid advancement to end-stage renal disease. Conducted in a hospital setting, the research examines a cohort of adults with CKD to determine the rate of progression from early to advanced stages and identify predictors of rapid advancement. Methods: Patients meeting inclusion/exclusion criteria provided written consent before screening. The Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD-4) equation determined eGFR, and staging was based on admission results. Data were categorized into early and advanced stages according to eGFR values. Demographic details, clinical features, risk factors, comorbidities, laboratory results, and other supportive care information were extracted from hospital records. The collected data were analyzed to identify risk factors influencing CKD progression. Results: A comparative analysis of baseline characteristics revealed that age, gender, and BMI significantly contributed to the development of end-stage kidney disease. Key factors such as serum creatinine, serum uric acid, eGFR, random blood sugar, and fluid intake showed statistical significance in the progression of kidney disease. The risk of end-stage CKD was notably elevated with smoking, alcohol consumption, and increased fluid intake. Conclusion: The study demonstrated a significant association between CKD progression and parameters such as age, BMI, habits like alcohol intake and smoking, as well as clinical factors including serum creatinine, serum uric acid, eGFR, and random blood sugar. Patients with diabetes, coronary artery disease (CAD), and anemia exhibited a more accelerated decline in renal function. These factors can be modified through appropriate treatment.