Suppression of flux jumps in high-Jc Nb₃Sn conductors by ferromagnetic layer

Flux jumps observed in high-Jc Nb₃Sn conductors are urgent problems to construct high field superconducting magnets. The low-field instabilities usually reduce the current-carrying capability and thus cause the premature quench of Nb₃Sn coils at low magnetic field. In this paper, we explore suppressing the flux jumps by ferromagnetic (FM) layer. Firstly, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the flux jumps of Nb₃Sn/FM hybrid wires exposed to a magnetic field loop with constant sweeping rate. Comparing with bare Nb₃Sn and Nb₃Sn/Cu wires, we reveal two underlying mechanisms that the suppression of flux jumps is mainly attributed to the thermal effect of FM layer for the case of lower sweeping rate, whereas both thermal and electromagnetic effects play a crucial role for the case of higher sweeping rate. Furthermore, we explore the flux jumps of Nb₃Sn/FM hybrid wires exposed to AC magnetic fields with amplitude Bₐ₀ and frequency ω. We build up the phase diagrams of flux jumps in the plane ω-Bₐ₀ for bare Nb₃Sn wire, Nb₃Sn/Cu wire and Nb₃Sn/FM wire, respectively. We stress that the region of flux jumps of Nb₃Sn/FM wire is much smaller than the other two wires, which indicates that the Nb₃Sn/FM wire has significant advantage over merely increasing the heat capacity. The findings shed light on suppression of the flux jumps by utilizing FM materials, which is useful for developing new type of high-Jc Nb₃Sn conductors.