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Abstract The complexation behaviour of Diphenyl viologens (DPVs) with Cucurbitnurils (CBn) was evaluated in detail and the results were reported. In this work, we present the synthesis of various DPVs functionalised with electron withdrawing and electron donating groups (EWGs & EDGs) and investigate their complexation behaviour with CB7 and CB 8. Carboxylic acid functionalized DPV’s (DPV-COOH) complexation with CB8 gives additional insights, i.e., indicates hydrogen bonding plays an effective role in the complexation. The formation of a 2:2 quaternary complex of DPV-COOH/CB8 under neutral pH conditions was supported by various analytical techniques. The complexation of DPVs with CB7 specifies that irrespective of the functional group attached, they all form a 1:2 ternary complex, but the findings elaborate that the pattern followed in the complexation depends on the EW or EDG attached to the DPVs. The competition experiments conducted between functionalized DPVs and CB7, CB8 shows that they have more affinity towards CB8 than CB7 because of the better macrocyclic confinement effect of CB8, as confirmed using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The binding affinity among EWG and EDG functionalised DPVs with CB8 concludes EDG functionalised DPVs show better affinity towards CB8, because they can form a charge transfer complex inside the CB8 cavity. Exploring these host–guest interactions in more complex biological or environmental settings and studying their impact on the functionality of DPVs could be an exciting avenue for future research.
Ambrose et al. (Sat,) studied this question.
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