Marang Forest'Reserve’s social commitment and its ripple effect on household livelihoods in Mbulu District, Tanzania

The Forest Reserve Conservation (FRC) approach seeks to balance sustainable economic development, natural resource use, and environmental protection, aligning with broader goals such as ending hunger, poverty, and gender inequality.The initiatives, like the Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources (CAMPFIRE), significantly affect the livelihoods of adjacent communities reliant on forest resources.In Tanzania, where 43.7% of land is protected, challenges arise from human population growth leading to resource degradation, especially in areas like the Marang Forest Reserve (MFR).While the MFR generates social benefits through tourism and aid from conservation organizations, its transition into a reserve under Tanzania National Park has ceased benefits for local communities, sparking concerns about the balance between conservation goals and community needs.A study utilizing the Sustainable Livelihood Approach (SLA) examined the social costs and benefits experienced by households adjacent to the MFR.Results highlighted diverse livelihood assets supported by the reserve, including physical, natural, social, human, and financial assets.However, challenges such as limited resource access, crop raiding, and restricted movement were reported, impacting household livelihoods.Institutional mechanisms for enhancing rural household livelihoods adjacent to the MFR were explored, revealing a lack of awareness and education among households regarding forest management laws and policies.Additionally, limited involvement in decision-making processes and negative impacts of conservation laws on households were noted.Recommendations from the study advocate for comprehensive awareness and education programs targeting local communities, mechanisms for active community involvement in decision-making processes, and livelihood diversification programs.These initiatives aim to address the complex relationship between conservation efforts and rural livelihoods, ensuring the well-being of communities adjacent to protected areas while promoting sustainable resource management practices.