Wireless Channel Models for Marine Communication

Owing to the blue economy's explosive expansion, broadband maritime communication is crucial.In contrast to MF/HF/VHF pathways, there has been a rise in interest for utilizing higher frequency bands to provide broadband information service to the sea area.The two primary channel types for an air-ground-sea communications network are air-to-sea (for communication linkages from aircraft-based base stations or relays, for example) and near-sea surface (for land-toship/ship-to-land or ship-toship communications).Modelling these maritime channel links is different from modelling conventional terrestrial wireless channels in many ways, which will have a major influence on the transceiver because of the unique characteristics of the maritime propagation environment, such as sparse dispersion, sea wave behaviour, and the ducted effect over the sea surface.Finally, we highlight the most significant deviations from the modelling and the channel properties for the channel linkages between the air and the sea and the near-sea surface.