Effective removal of tetracycline hydrochloride under visible light using cobalt doped magnesium ferrite nanoparticles

Photocatalyst Co doped MgFe 2 O 4 prepared for the degradation of Tetracycline hydrochloride (TET) using microwave combustion method (MCM) and determined through XRD, XPS, HR-SEM, EDX, TEM, DRS-UV, FTIR, VSM, BET and lab-made photocatalytic reaction setup to describe the structural, compositional, morphological, magnetic, optical and photocatalytic performance. The average crystallite size and the formation of the cubic spinel structure are ensured by XRD. The oxidation state and elements of MgFe 2 O 4 and Co 2+ doped MgFe 2 O 4 was confirmed by XPS and EDX, ensuring the existence of all the components. HR-SEM and TEM confirm the spherical-shaped particle with agglomeration and coalescence. DRS-UV was used to determine the optical bandgap. We used FTIR spectra to analyze functional groups. M-H curves show all samples exhibit soft ferromagnetic characteristics. N 2 isotherm analysis showed elevated surface area and pore size values. Additionally, the investigation evaluated the specific mechanism of photocatalytic degradation. (PCD), under ideal conditions, the degradation rate of TET reached 98.7%.