Wave-particle interaction acceleration of proton and 3He/4He ions in impulsive flares with fractal turbulence reconnection model via 3D RHPIC-LBM simulations

The high-energy solar energetic particles (SEPs) are the fundamental reason for SEPs-induced space weather disasters, especially for the GeV level flare/CME cases.  However, due to the complex acceleration process (e.g., different species, different abundances, different isotopes, and different ionization), the acceleration mechanism and source & origin are still an open, challenging topic.  Based on the statistical plasma treatment, this work investigates the wave-particle interaction acceleration mechanism on the supercomputer platform (e.g., Tianhe-series Homogeneous CPU and heterogeneous CPU-GPU systems) with relativistic hybrid particle-in-cell & lattice-boltzmann (RHPIC-LBM) code. The results show that wave-particle-interaction acceleration is a new independent turbulence acceleration mechanism that is different from the present turbulence acceleration mechanism (shock wave acceleration including 1st and 2nd fermi acceleration) and more efficient in high-energy level (e.g., ~ GeV level) that shock wave acceleration mechanism. Reference: Whitman, K., et al., Review of solar energetic particle models, Advances in Space Research. 2022. 10.1016/j.asr.2022.08.006. Reames, D.V., Sixty years of element abundance measurements in solar energetic particles, Space Science Reviews. 2021. 10.1007/s11214-021-00845-4. Reames, D.V., Solar energetic particles: Spatial extent and implications of the H and He abundances, Space Science Reviews.2022. 10.1007/s11214-022-00917-z. Reames, D.V., A perspective on solar energetic particles. Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences. 2022. 10.3389/fspas.2022.890864. Zhu,B.J., et al., Relativistic HPIC-LBM and its application in large temporal-spatial turbulent magnetic reconnection. Part I. model development and validation.Applied Mathematical Modelling. 2020.10.1016/j.apm.2019.09.043. Zhu,B.J., et al., Relativistic HPIC-LBM and its application in large temporal-spatial turbulent magnetic reconnection. Part II. Role of turbulence in the flux rope interaction.Applied Mathematical Modelling.2020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apm.2019.05.027. Zhu, B.J., et al., Software development of GeV-level-SEPs-induced extreme space weather disasters with plasma statistical physics theoretical model on domestic DCU accelerator heterogeneous supercomputer. Progress Report on China Nuclear Science &Technology: Computational Physics (Vol.8). 2024. 1-40.