Assessing five-year trend and socio-demographic determinants of caesarean section delivery in Ghana

Abstract Introduction:The rate of caesarean section (C-section) deliveries has been increasing globally, including in low- and middle-income countries like Ghana. Understanding the trends, patterns, and socio-demographic determinants of C-section deliveries is crucial for improving maternal healthcare services and reducing unnecessary surgical interventions. This study aims to assess the trend and factors associated with CS deliveries in Ghana using secondary data from the District Health Information Management System 2 (DHIMS-2) database. Methods:A cross-sectional study design was employed, utilizing secondary data extracted from the District Health Information Management System 2 (DHIMS-2) database covering a period of five years (2017-2021). The data included information on C-section deliveries from both public and private health facilities in Ghana. Descriptive and inferential analysis was conducted to explore the associations between socio-demographic factors and C-section delivery. Results:The study findings revealed that a significant proportion of women who underwent C-section deliveries had formal education up to the JHS/Middle school level. Most of the deliveries occurred in hospitals and government-owned facilities. The study also observed that more than half of the women had a C-section delivery, with the highest percentage occurring in 2019 and 2020. Additionally, the majority of women had health insurance coverage. Conclusion:The high C-section rate in Ghana may be attributed to various factors such as increasing availability and accessibility of C-section deliveries, socio-demographic factors, and regional disparities in healthcare access and resources. Advanced maternal age, higher levels of education, and formal employment were found to be associated with a higher likelihood of C-section deliveries. These findings highlight the need for a comprehensive and patient-centered approach to maternal healthcare in Ghana, which includes efforts to strengthen antenatal care services, promote natural childbirth, improve access to quality healthcare facilities, enhance healthcare provider training, address regional disparities, and strengthen health insurance coverage. By addressing these recommendations, Ghana can strive towards reducing unnecessary caesarean section deliveries and improving maternal health outcomes for women across the country.