A brief look at genetic and environmental risk factors of leukemia and its preventions and treatment

Leukemia, the most diagnosed cancer in children and adolescents, is the malignancy of white blood cells that begins in hematopoietic stem cells in the bone marrow and brings severe impact to the lymphatic system in which ALL, AML, CML, and CLL are diagnosed most commonly. Risk factors of leukemia is highly evaluated in recent studies and treatments for leukemia have shown great advance too. However, the knowledge to public about leukemia, its risk factors, and its treatments is still limited. This article aims to introduce different types of leukemia including ALL, AML, CLL, CML, analyze genetic and environmental risk factors of leukemia, and describe some of its treatments such as chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and bone marrow transplantation in detail. To avoid and address mechanisms of resistance that arise during leukemia therapy, it is crucial to adopt a comprehensive strategy to the combination of medicine, to manage risk factors to the public, to make lifestyle interventions, to develop more advanced therapies, and to gain a deeper understanding of mechanism of resistance.