A Study of the Quality Characteristics of Fiber and Yarn for Some Crosses and Varieties of Delta Long Staple Egyptian cotton

The fiber quality properties of Egyptian cotton should be improved to meet the increasing demand for it and competition with other natural and synthetic fibers.Cotton breeders faced many challenges in combining high yield, fiber, and quality properties due to the negative correlation between high yield and fiber quality in Egyptian cotton [1].The cotton breeding program aims to produce new varieties characterized by early maturity, resistance to diseases, tolerance to drought, and salinity.Also, it gave a high lint percentage, high seed and lint cotton yields, and high quality properties (fiber length, fiber strength, fineness, yarn strength, and evenness).Improving seed cotton and lint cotton yield is one of the important objectives of any cotton breeder [2].Giza 97 gave higher seed and lint cotton yields, a high lint percentage, and better fiber and yarn quality properties as compared with other varieties under study.Therefore, Giza 97 achieved the targets of farmer, trader, and spinner [3].The promising cross (10229 x Giza86) gave higher seed and lint cotton yields and earliness indexes than Giza 86.Also, it has resistance to Fusarium diseases [4,5].Significant differences among genotypes for seed cotton yield were reported [6].The effect of years on boll weight, seed index, seed and lint cotton yields, and fiber strength (g/tex) was significant, but not significant for lint percentage, micronaire reading, and fiber length.Also, the interaction between genotypes and years had a significant effect on boll weight, seed index, seed cotton yield, and lint cotton yield.On the other hand, it was not significant for the lint percentage [7].Moreover, the effect of interaction between genotypes and years was highly significant for boll weight, lint cotton yield, and lint percentage.Conversely, it was not significant for seed index, micronaire, and fiber length [8].It was stated that the effect of years on boll weight, lint cotton yield, lint percentage, and earliness percentage were significant.On the contrary, it was not significant for seed cotton yield.There were significant effects of the interaction between genotypes and years on seed index, seed cotton yield, fiber strength, and fiber length.Meanwhile, it was not significant for boll weight, earliness, lint percentage, lint cotton yield, micronaire, and uniformity ratio.[9] It was indicated that the interaction between ABSTRACT: The research was carried out at the field experiment station and cotton technical specifications laboratory during the 2021 and 2022 seasons.The cotton research institute evaluated the performance of some cotton genotypes grown in Delta, including two commercial types, Giza 94 and Giza 97, and two promising crosses ((G86 x (S106 x G89) x G94)) and S111 X ((G86 x (G77 x G81)).All samples were spun into three yarn counts using a ring-spinning system.The results showed that there were significant differences between genotypes in terms of yield, fiber and early yarn characteristics, seed cotton yield, lint yield, lint value, micronaire, evenness, and hairiness when Giza 94 was compared with other genotypes in two seasons.On the contrary, the promise of cross breeding G.94 x G.89 x S106 x G.86 was clearly superior to other cottonseed genotypes in terms of lint yield and lint value.Although it has the lowest strength, it has the highest short fiber index and hairiness.Promising hybrids can be isolated and used in breeding programs to increase seed and lint yields of Egyptian cotton varieties.