In vitro analysis demonstrates that isocoumarins from Alternaria malorum inhibit pathogenic fungi, suggesting potential utility as natural agricultural fungicides.
Four new isocoumarins, alternariethers A-C (1-3) and alternariester (4) were separated from the fermentation of the fungus Alternaria malorum FL39, purified from Myoporum bontioides. Their structures were ascertained using NMR and HR-ESI-MS spectroscopy. For compound 4, the absolute configuration was solved with the help of ECD calculation and the DP4+ method. Compared with the positive control triadimefon, compound 1 showed more potent antifungal effects on Colletotrichum musae. The antifungal effects of compounds 1, 2, and 3 on Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium graminearum, of compound 4 on F. oxysporum, were equal to those of triadimefon. Except for compound 4 which was inactive against Escherichia coli with O78 serotype, all compounds showed moderate or weak antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and E. coli with O6 or O78 serotype.
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