Photon mediated transport of energy, linear momentum, and angular momentum in fullerene and graphene systems beyond local equilibrium

Based on a tight-binding model for the electron system, we investigate the transfer of energy, momentum, and angular momentum mediated by electromagnetic fields among buckminsterfullerene (C₆₀) and graphene nanostrips. Our nonequilibrium Green's function approach enables calculations away from local thermal equilibrium where the fluctuation-dissipation theorem breaks down. For example, the forces between C₆₀ and current-carrying nanostrips are predicted. It is found that the presence of current enhances the van der Waals attractive forces. For two current-carrying graphene strips rotated at some angle, the fluctuational force and torque are much stronger at the nanoscale compared to that of the static Biot-Savart law.