Optimal Operation of Diesel Generator and Battery Energy Storage System for Total Fuel Cost Reduction in Marine Transportation

The shipping industry has encountered several obstacles due to factors such as escalating fuel costs and stringent emissions laws and standards. Consequently, hybrid propulsion systems have emerged as a viable solution for various industries and manufacturers. This research aims to explore the potential for reducing the overall fuel expenses of a tugboat's engine by optimizing the operation of both the diesel generator (DG) and the battery energy storage system (BESS). The optimization of the operational state of DG and BESS is achieved through the application of a metaheuristic algorithm known as the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA), which possesses an exceptional ability for both exploration and exploitation. The findings suggest that optimizing DG and BESS control procedures and BESS size in a hybrid propulsion system can reduce fuel costs and improve DG efficiency.