Analysis of Japan's Nuclear Sewage Discharge into the Sea from the Perspective of International Law

The Japanese government's proposed plan to release radioactive-contaminated water into the Pacific Ocean has raised global concerns. Consequently, this prompted extensive contemplation and discourse over Japan's obligations under international law. This study summarizes domestic and international nuclear-contaminated water studies. The assertion is made that Japan's action of releasing nuclear-contaminated water into the ocean can be classified as a state act, contravening pertinent international agreements and legal standards. The subsequent analysis delves into the legal foundation for Japan's state responsibility, highlighting the absence of any exemption from said responsibility. Furthermore, it explores the challenges associated with holding Japan accountable, encompassing varying standards of damage, the lack of regulatory oversight from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the complexities surrounding evidence collection and acquisition, as well as the obstacles to transboundary implementation. This paper presents a set of strategies for China to address Japan's discharge of nuclear-contaminated water, focusing on the perspective of international law. These strategies encompass the formulation of explicit discharge standards and environmental damage criteria, and the establishment of a specialized organization for conducting investigations and gathering evidence. The primary objective of this study is to offer valuable insights into comprehending and addressing the intricacies of this multifaceted matter. Additionally, it seeks to furnish pertinent resources for effectively resolving transnational environmental conflicts within the context of international legal frameworks.